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MacBinary | 1992-08-29 | 152.1 KB | [ TEXT/ALFA]
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MacBinary II, inited, Sat Aug 29 12:43:08 1992, modified Sat Aug 29 12:43:08 1992, creator Alpha editor, type ASCII, 154143 bytes "Tcl" , at 0x25a9f 1380 bytes resource
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id metadata key value macFileType [ TEXT] macFileCreator [ ALFA]
hex view +--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+ |00000000| 00 03 54 63 6c 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..Tcl...|........| |00000010| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000020| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000030| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........| |00000040| 00 54 45 58 54 41 4c 46 | 41 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.TEXTALF|A.......| |00000050| 00 00 00 00 02 5a 1f 00 | 00 05 64 a6 c5 59 9c a6 |.....Z..|..d..Y..| |00000060| c5 59 9c 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.Y......|........| |00000070| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 81 81 16 db 00 00 |........|........| |00000080| 0d 0d 0d 54 63 6c 28 33 | 29 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |...Tcl(3|) | |00000090| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 43 20 4c 49 42 52 | | C LIBR| |000000a0| 41 52 59 20 46 55 4e 43 | 54 49 4f 4e 53 20 20 20 |ARY FUNC|TIONS | |000000b0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 54 63 | | Tc| |000000c0| 6c 28 33 29 0d 0d 0d 0d | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |l(3)....|________| |000000d0| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________| |000000e0| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________| |000000f0| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________| |00000100| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 0d 0d 4e 41 4d 45 0d |________|_..NAME.| |00000110| 20 20 20 20 20 54 63 6c | 20 2d 20 6f 76 65 72 76 | Tcl| - overv| |00000120| 69 65 77 20 6f 66 20 74 | 6f 6f 6c 20 63 6f 6d 6d |iew of t|ool comm| |00000130| 61 6e 64 20 6c 61 6e 67 | 75 61 67 65 20 66 61 63 |and lang|uage fac| |00000140| 69 6c 69 74 69 65 73 0d | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |ilities.|________| |00000150| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________| |00000160| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________| |00000170| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |________|________| |00000180| 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f | 5f 0d 0d 0d 49 4e 54 52 |________|_...INTR| |00000190| 4f 44 55 43 54 49 4f 4e | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 54 63 |ODUCTION|. Tc| |000001a0| 6c 20 73 74 61 6e 64 73 | 20 66 6f 72 20 60 60 74 |l stands| for ``t| |000001b0| 6f 6f 6c 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 61 6e 64 20 6c 61 6e 67 |ool comm|and lang| |000001c0| 75 61 67 65 27 27 20 61 | 6e 64 20 20 69 73 20 20 |uage'' a|nd is | |000001d0| 70 72 6f 6e 6f 75 6e 63 | 65 64 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |pronounc|ed. | |000001e0| 60 60 74 69 63 6b 6c 65 | 2e 27 27 20 20 49 74 20 |``tickle|.'' It | |000001f0| 20 69 73 20 20 61 63 74 | 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 20 74 | is act|ually t| |00000200| 77 6f 20 20 74 68 69 6e | 67 73 3a 20 61 20 6c 61 |wo thin|gs: a la| |00000210| 6e 67 75 61 67 65 20 61 | 6e 64 20 61 0d 20 20 20 |nguage a|nd a. | |00000220| 20 20 6c 69 62 72 61 72 | 79 2e 20 20 46 69 72 73 | librar|y. Firs| |00000230| 74 2c 20 54 63 6c 20 69 | 73 20 61 20 73 69 6d 70 |t, Tcl i|s a simp| |00000240| 6c 65 20 74 65 78 74 75 | 61 6c 20 6c 61 6e 67 75 |le textu|al langu| |00000250| 61 67 65 2c 20 20 69 6e | 74 65 6e 64 65 64 0d 20 |age, in|tended. | |00000260| 20 20 20 20 70 72 69 6d | 61 72 69 6c 79 20 20 66 | prim|arily f| |00000270| 6f 72 20 69 73 73 75 69 | 6e 67 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 |or issui|ng comma| |00000280| 6e 64 73 20 74 6f 20 69 | 6e 74 65 72 61 63 74 69 |nds to i|nteracti| |00000290| 76 65 20 70 72 6f 67 72 | 61 6d 73 20 73 75 63 68 |ve progr|ams such| |000002a0| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 61 73 | 20 74 65 78 74 20 65 64 |. as| text ed| |000002b0| 69 74 6f 72 73 2c 20 64 | 65 62 75 67 67 65 72 73 |itors, d|ebuggers| |000002c0| 2c 20 69 6c 6c 75 73 74 | 72 61 74 6f 72 73 2c 20 |, illust|rators, | |000002d0| 20 61 6e 64 20 20 73 68 | 65 6c 6c 73 2e 20 20 20 | and sh|ells. | |000002e0| 49 74 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 68 61 73 20 20 61 20 20 |It. |has a | |000002f0| 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 73 | 79 6e 74 61 78 20 61 6e |simple s|yntax an| |00000300| 64 20 69 73 20 61 6c 73 | 6f 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 |d is als|o progra| |00000310| 6d 6d 61 62 6c 65 2c 20 | 73 6f 20 54 63 6c 20 75 |mmable, |so Tcl u| |00000320| 73 65 72 73 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 63 61 6e 20 77 72 |sers. | can wr| |00000330| 69 74 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 61 6e 64 20 70 72 6f 63 |ite comm|and proc| |00000340| 65 64 75 72 65 73 20 74 | 6f 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 |edures t|o provid| |00000350| 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 20 | 70 6f 77 65 72 66 75 6c |e more |powerful| |00000360| 20 20 63 6f 6d 2d 0d 20 | 20 20 20 20 6d 61 6e 64 | com-. | mand| |00000370| 73 20 74 68 61 6e 20 74 | 68 6f 73 65 20 69 6e 20 |s than t|hose in | |00000380| 74 68 65 20 62 75 69 6c | 74 2d 69 6e 20 73 65 74 |the buil|t-in set| |00000390| 2e 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 53 65 63 6f 6e 64 2c 20 |... |Second, | |000003a0| 54 63 6c 20 69 73 20 61 | 20 6c 69 62 72 61 72 79 |Tcl is a| library| |000003b0| 20 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 | 20 74 68 61 74 20 20 63 | package| that c| |000003c0| 61 6e 20 20 62 65 20 20 | 65 6d 62 65 64 64 65 64 |an be |embedded| |000003d0| 20 20 69 6e 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63 | in. | applic| |000003e0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 20 70 | 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 73 2e |ation p|rograms.| |000003f0| 20 20 54 68 65 20 54 63 | 6c 20 6c 69 62 72 61 72 | The Tc|l librar| |00000400| 79 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 73 | 74 73 20 6f 66 20 61 20 |y consis|ts of a | |00000410| 70 61 72 73 65 72 0d 20 | 20 20 20 20 66 6f 72 20 |parser. | for | |00000420| 74 68 65 20 54 63 6c 20 | 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 |the Tcl |language| |00000430| 2c 20 72 6f 75 74 69 6e | 65 73 20 74 6f 20 69 6d |, routin|es to im| |00000440| 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 | 74 68 65 20 54 63 6c 20 |plement |the Tcl | |00000450| 62 75 69 6c 74 2d 69 6e | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 63 6f |built-in|. co| |00000460| 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 2c 20 | 20 61 6e 64 20 20 70 72 |mmands, | and pr| |00000470| 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 73 | 20 20 74 68 61 74 20 20 |ocedures| that | |00000480| 61 6c 6c 6f 77 20 20 65 | 61 63 68 20 61 70 70 6c |allow e|ach appl| |00000490| 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 74 6f 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |ication |to. | |000004a0| 65 78 74 65 6e 64 20 54 | 63 6c 20 77 69 74 68 20 |extend T|cl with | |000004b0| 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e | 61 6c 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 |addition|al comma| |000004c0| 6e 64 73 20 73 70 65 63 | 69 66 69 63 20 74 6f 20 |nds spec|ific to | |000004d0| 74 68 61 74 20 20 61 70 | 70 6c 69 2d 0d 20 20 20 |that ap|pli-. | |000004e0| 20 20 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 2e 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 | cation|. The | |000004f0| 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f 67 |applicat|ion prog| |00000500| 72 61 6d 20 67 65 6e 65 | 72 61 74 65 73 20 54 63 |ram gene|rates Tc| |00000510| 6c 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e | 64 73 20 61 6e 64 0d 20 |l comman|ds and. | |00000520| 20 20 20 20 70 61 73 73 | 65 73 20 74 68 65 6d 20 | pass|es them | |00000530| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 54 | 63 6c 20 70 61 72 73 65 |to the T|cl parse| |00000540| 72 20 66 6f 72 20 65 78 | 65 63 75 74 69 6f 6e 2e |r for ex|ecution.| |00000550| 20 20 20 43 6f 6d 6d 61 | 6e 64 73 20 20 6d 61 79 | Comma|nds may| |00000560| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 62 65 | 20 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 |. be| genera| |00000570| 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 72 | 65 61 64 69 6e 67 20 63 |ted by r|eading c| |00000580| 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 | 73 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 61 |haracter|s from a| |00000590| 6e 20 69 6e 70 75 74 20 | 73 6f 75 72 63 65 2c 20 |n input |source, | |000005a0| 6f 72 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 62 79 20 20 61 73 73 6f |or. |by asso| |000005b0| 63 69 61 74 69 6e 67 20 | 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 |ciating | command| |000005c0| 20 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 | 73 20 20 77 69 74 68 20 | string|s with | |000005d0| 20 65 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 | 73 20 20 20 6f 66 20 20 | element|s of | |000005e0| 20 74 68 65 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63 | the. | applic| |000005f0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 27 73 20 | 75 73 65 72 20 69 6e 74 |ation's |user int| |00000600| 65 72 66 61 63 65 2c 20 | 73 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 |erface, |such as | |00000610| 6d 65 6e 75 20 65 6e 74 | 72 69 65 73 2c 20 62 75 |menu ent|ries, bu| |00000620| 74 74 6f 6e 73 2c 0d 20 | 20 20 20 20 6f 72 20 6b |ttons,. | or k| |00000630| 65 79 73 74 72 6f 6b 65 | 73 2e 20 20 57 68 65 6e |eystroke|s. When| |00000640| 20 74 68 65 20 54 63 6c | 20 6c 69 62 72 61 72 79 | the Tcl| library| |00000650| 20 20 72 65 63 65 69 76 | 65 73 20 20 63 6f 6d 6d | receiv|es comm| |00000660| 61 6e 64 73 20 20 69 74 | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 70 61 |ands it|. pa| |00000670| 72 73 65 73 20 74 68 65 | 6d 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 63 |rses the|m into c| |00000680| 6f 6d 70 6f 6e 65 6e 74 | 20 66 69 65 6c 64 73 20 |omponent| fields | |00000690| 61 6e 64 20 65 78 65 63 | 75 74 65 73 20 62 75 69 |and exec|utes bui| |000006a0| 6c 74 2d 69 6e 20 63 6f | 6d 2d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |lt-in co|m-. | |000006b0| 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 64 69 | 72 65 63 74 6c 79 2e 20 |mands di|rectly. | |000006c0| 20 46 6f 72 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 69 6d | For com|mands im| |000006d0| 70 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 65 | 64 20 20 62 79 20 20 74 |plemente|d by t| |000006e0| 68 65 20 20 61 70 70 6c | 69 63 61 2d 0d 20 20 20 |he appl|ica-. | |000006f0| 20 20 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 | 20 54 63 6c 20 63 61 6c | tion, | Tcl cal| |00000700| 6c 73 20 62 61 63 6b 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 61 |ls back |to the a| |00000710| 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 65 78 |pplicati|on to ex| |00000720| 65 63 75 74 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 6f 6d 2d 0d 20 |ecute th|e com-. | |00000730| 20 20 20 20 6d 61 6e 64 | 73 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 6d | mand|s. In m| |00000740| 61 6e 79 20 63 61 73 65 | 73 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e |any case|s comman| |00000750| 64 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 69 6e 76 6f 6b 65 20 72 |ds will |invoke r| |00000760| 65 63 75 72 73 69 76 65 | 20 69 6e 76 6f 63 61 2d |ecursive| invoca-| |00000770| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 20 6f 66 20 |. ti|ons of | |00000780| 20 74 68 65 20 20 54 63 | 6c 20 20 69 6e 74 65 72 | the Tc|l inter| |00000790| 70 72 65 74 65 72 20 20 | 62 79 20 20 70 61 73 73 |preter |by pass| |000007a0| 69 6e 67 20 20 69 6e 20 | 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e |ing in |addition| |000007b0| 61 6c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 73 74 72 69 6e 67 73 20 |al. |strings | |000007c0| 74 6f 20 65 78 65 63 75 | 74 65 20 28 70 72 6f 63 |to execu|te (proc| |000007d0| 65 64 75 72 65 73 2c 20 | 6c 6f 6f 70 69 6e 67 20 |edures, |looping | |000007e0| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 73 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 63 6f |commands|, and co| |000007f0| 6e 64 69 2d 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c |ndi-. | tional| |00000800| 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 | 73 20 61 6c 6c 20 77 6f | command|s all wo| |00000810| 72 6b 20 69 6e 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 77 61 79 29 2e |rk in th|is way).| |00000820| 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 41 | 6e 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63 |.. 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F|irst, Tc| |00000890| 6c 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 | 65 73 20 61 20 73 74 61 |l provid|es a sta| |000008a0| 6e 64 61 72 64 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 73 79 6e 74 61 |ndard. | synta| |000008b0| 78 3a 20 20 6f 6e 63 65 | 20 75 73 65 72 73 20 6b |x: once| users k| |000008c0| 6e 6f 77 20 54 63 6c 2c | 20 74 68 65 79 20 77 69 |now Tcl,| they wi| |000008d0| 6c 6c 20 20 62 65 20 20 | 61 62 6c 65 20 20 74 6f |ll be |able to| |000008e0| 20 20 69 73 73 75 65 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 63 6f 6d | issue.| com| |000008f0| 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 20 65 | 61 73 69 6c 79 20 20 74 |mands e|asily t| |00000900| 6f 20 61 6e 79 20 54 63 | 6c 2d 62 61 73 65 64 20 |o any Tc|l-based | |00000910| 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 53 65 |applicat|ion. Se| |00000920| 63 6f 6e 64 2c 20 54 63 | 6c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 70 |cond, Tc|l. p| |00000930| 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 6d |rovides |programm| |00000940| 61 62 69 6c 69 74 79 2e | 20 20 41 6c 6c 20 61 20 |ability.| All a | |00000950| 54 63 6c 20 61 70 70 6c | 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |Tcl appl|ication | |00000960| 6e 65 65 64 73 20 74 6f | 20 64 6f 0d 20 20 20 20 |needs to| do. | |00000970| 20 69 73 20 20 74 6f 20 | 20 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d 65 | is to | impleme| |00000980| 6e 74 20 20 61 20 66 65 | 77 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63 |nt a fe|w applic| |00000990| 61 74 69 6f 6e 2d 73 70 | 65 63 69 66 69 63 20 6c |ation-sp|ecific l| |000009a0| 6f 77 2d 6c 65 76 65 6c | 20 63 6f 6d 2d 0d 20 20 |ow-level| com-. | |000009b0| 20 20 20 6d 61 6e 64 73 | 2e 20 20 54 63 6c 20 70 | mands|. Tcl p| |000009c0| 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 20 | 6d 61 6e 79 20 75 74 69 |rovides |many uti| |000009d0| 6c 69 74 79 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 73 20 20 70 |lity com|mands p| |000009e0| 6c 75 73 20 20 61 20 20 | 67 65 6e 65 72 61 6c 0d |lus a |general.| |000009f0| 20 20 20 20 20 70 72 6f | 67 72 61 6d 6d 69 6e 67 | pro|gramming| |00000a00| 20 20 69 6e 74 65 72 66 | 61 63 65 20 20 66 6f 72 | interf|ace for| |00000a10| 20 62 75 69 6c 64 69 6e | 67 20 75 70 20 63 6f 6d | buildin|g up com| |00000a20| 70 6c 65 78 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 20 70 72 6f |plex com|mand pro| |00000a30| 2d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 63 | 65 64 75 72 65 73 2e 20 |-. c|edures. | |00000a40| 20 42 79 20 75 73 69 6e | 67 20 54 63 6c 2c 20 61 | By usin|g Tcl, a| |00000a50| 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 6e 65 65 64 |pplicati|ons need| |00000a60| 20 20 6e 6f 74 20 20 72 | 65 2d 69 6d 70 6c 65 6d | not r|e-implem| |00000a70| 65 6e 74 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 66 |ent. | these f| |00000a80| 65 61 74 75 72 65 73 2e | 20 20 54 68 69 72 64 2c |eatures.| Third,| |00000a90| 20 54 63 6c 20 63 61 6e | 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 | Tcl can| be used| |00000aa0| 20 61 73 20 61 20 63 6f | 6d 6d 6f 6e 20 6c 61 6e | as a co|mmon lan| |00000ab0| 67 75 61 67 65 20 20 7c | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 66 6f |guage ||. fo| |00000ac0| 72 20 63 6f 6d 6d 75 6e | 69 63 61 74 69 6e 67 20 |r commun|icating | |00000ad0| 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 | 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 |between | applica| |00000ae0| 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 20 | 20 49 6e 74 65 72 2d 61 |tions. | Inter-a| |00000af0| 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 20 7c 0d 20 20 |pplicati|on |. | |00000b00| 20 20 20 63 6f 6d 6d 75 | 6e 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | commu|nication| |00000b10| 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 62 75 69 6c 74 20 69 6e | is not |built in| |00000b20| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 54 | 63 6c 20 63 6f 72 65 20 |to the T|cl core | |00000b30| 64 65 73 63 72 69 62 65 | 64 20 68 65 72 65 2c 20 |describe|d here, | |00000b40| 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 62 75 74 20 76 61 72 69 | |. |but vari| |00000b50| 6f 75 73 20 61 64 64 2d | 6f 6e 20 6c 69 62 72 61 |ous add-|on libra| |00000b60| 72 69 65 73 2c 20 73 75 | 63 68 20 61 73 20 74 68 |ries, su|ch as th| |00000b70| 65 20 54 6b 20 74 6f 6f | 6c 6b 69 74 2c 20 20 61 |e Tk too|lkit, a| |00000b80| 6c 6c 6f 77 20 20 7c 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 61 70 70 |llow |.| app| |00000b90| 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 74 6f 20 69 73 73 |lication|s to iss| |00000ba0| 75 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 | 6e 64 73 20 74 6f 20 65 |ue comma|nds to e| |00000bb0| 61 63 68 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 |ach othe|r. This| |00000bc0| 20 6d 61 6b 65 73 20 69 | 74 20 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 | makes i|t |. | |00000bd0| 20 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 | 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 20 61 | possib|le for a| |00000be0| 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 74 6f 20 20 |pplicati|ons to | |00000bf0| 77 6f 72 6b 20 20 74 6f | 67 65 74 68 65 72 20 20 |work to|gether | |00000c00| 69 6e 20 20 6d 75 63 68 | 20 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 20 |in much| more | |00000c10| 7c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 70 | 6f 77 65 72 66 75 6c 20 ||. p|owerful | |00000c20| 77 61 79 73 20 74 68 61 | 6e 20 77 61 73 20 70 72 |ways tha|n was pr| |00000c30| 65 76 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 | 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 6c |eviously| possibl| |00000c40| 65 2e 0d 0d 0d 0d 53 75 | 6e 20 52 65 6c 65 61 73 |e.....Su|n Releas| |00000c50| 65 20 34 2e 31 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |e 4.1 | | |00000c60| 4c 61 73 74 20 63 68 61 | 6e 67 65 3a 20 20 20 20 |Last cha|nge: | |00000c70| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00000c80| 20 20 20 20 20 20 31 0d | 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 54 63 | 1.|......Tc| |00000c90| 6c 28 33 29 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |l(3) | | |00000ca0| 20 20 20 20 20 43 20 4c | 49 42 52 41 52 59 20 46 | C L|IBRARY F| |00000cb0| 55 4e 43 54 49 4f 4e 53 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |UNCTIONS| | |00000cc0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 54 63 6c 28 33 29 0d | | Tcl(3).| |00000cd0| 0d 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 54 68 69 73 20 6d 61 6e |... |This man| |00000ce0| 75 61 6c 20 70 61 67 65 | 20 66 6f 63 75 73 65 73 |ual page| focuses| |00000cf0| 20 70 72 69 6d 61 72 69 | 6c 79 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 | primari|ly on th| |00000d00| 65 20 54 63 6c 20 6c 61 | 6e 67 75 61 67 65 2e 20 |e Tcl la|nguage. | |00000d10| 20 20 49 74 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 | It. | descri| |00000d20| 62 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 6c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 |bes the |language| |00000d30| 20 73 79 6e 74 61 78 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 | syntax |and the | |00000d40| 62 75 69 6c 74 2d 69 6e | 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 |built-in| command| |00000d50| 73 20 74 68 61 74 0d 20 | 20 20 20 20 77 69 6c 6c |s that. | will| |00000d60| 20 62 65 20 61 76 61 69 | 6c 61 62 6c 65 20 69 6e | be avai|lable in| |00000d70| 20 61 6e 79 20 20 61 70 | 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f | any ap|plicatio| |00000d80| 6e 20 20 62 61 73 65 64 | 20 20 6f 6e 20 20 54 63 |n based| on Tc| |00000d90| 6c 2e 20 20 20 54 68 65 | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 69 6e |l. The|. in| |00000da0| 64 69 76 69 64 75 61 6c | 20 20 6c 69 62 72 61 72 |dividual| librar| |00000db0| 79 20 20 70 72 6f 63 65 | 64 75 72 65 73 20 61 72 |y proce|dures ar| |00000dc0| 65 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 | 62 65 64 20 69 6e 20 6d |e descri|bed in m| |00000dd0| 6f 72 65 20 64 65 74 61 | 69 6c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |ore deta|il. | |00000de0| 69 6e 20 73 65 70 61 72 | 61 74 65 20 6d 61 6e 75 |in separ|ate manu| |00000df0| 61 6c 20 70 61 67 65 73 | 2c 20 6f 6e 65 20 70 65 |al pages|, one pe| |00000e00| 72 20 70 72 6f 63 65 64 | 75 72 65 2e 0d 0d 0d 49 |r proced|ure....I| |00000e10| 4e 54 45 52 50 52 45 54 | 45 52 53 0d 20 20 20 20 |NTERPRET|ERS. | |00000e20| 20 54 68 65 20 63 65 6e | 74 72 61 6c 20 64 61 74 | The cen|tral dat| |00000e30| 61 20 73 74 72 75 63 74 | 75 72 65 20 69 6e 20 54 |a struct|ure in T| |00000e40| 63 6c 20 69 73 20 61 6e | 20 69 6e 74 65 72 70 72 |cl is an| interpr| |00000e50| 65 74 65 72 20 28 43 20 | 20 74 79 70 65 0d 20 20 |eter (C | type. | |00000e60| 20 20 20 60 60 54 63 6c | 5f 49 6e 74 65 72 70 27 | ``Tcl|_Interp'| |00000e70| 27 29 2e 20 20 20 41 6e | 20 20 69 6e 74 65 72 70 |'). An| interp| |00000e80| 72 65 74 65 72 20 63 6f | 6e 73 69 73 74 73 20 6f |reter co|nsists o| |00000e90| 66 20 61 20 73 65 74 20 | 6f 66 20 63 6f 6d 2d 0d |f a set |of com-.| |00000ea0| 20 20 20 20 20 6d 61 6e | 64 20 62 69 6e 64 69 6e | man|d bindin| |00000eb0| 67 73 2c 20 61 20 73 65 | 74 20 6f 66 20 76 61 72 |gs, a se|t of var| |00000ec0| 69 61 62 6c 65 20 76 61 | 6c 75 65 73 2c 20 20 61 |iable va|lues, a| |00000ed0| 6e 64 20 20 61 20 20 66 | 65 77 20 20 6f 74 68 65 |nd a f|ew othe| |00000ee0| 72 0d 20 20 20 20 20 6d | 69 73 63 65 6c 6c 61 6e |r. m|iscellan| |00000ef0| 65 6f 75 73 20 20 70 69 | 65 63 65 73 20 20 6f 66 |eous pi|eces of| |00000f00| 20 73 74 61 74 65 2e 20 | 20 45 61 63 68 20 54 63 | state. | Each Tc| |00000f10| 6c 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e | 64 20 69 73 20 69 6e 74 |l comman|d is int| |00000f20| 65 72 2d 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 70 72 65 74 65 64 20 |er-. | preted | |00000f30| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 65 78 74 20 6f |in the c|ontext o| |00000f40| 66 20 20 61 20 20 70 61 | 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 |f a pa|rticular| |00000f50| 20 20 69 6e 74 65 72 70 | 72 65 74 65 72 2e 20 20 | interp|reter. | |00000f60| 20 53 6f 6d 65 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 54 63 6c 2d 62 | Some. | Tcl-b| |00000f70| 61 73 65 64 20 20 61 70 | 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f |ased ap|plicatio| |00000f80| 6e 73 20 20 77 69 6c 6c | 20 6d 61 69 6e 74 61 69 |ns will| maintai| |00000f90| 6e 20 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 | 6c 65 20 69 6e 74 65 72 |n multip|le inter| |00000fa0| 70 72 65 74 65 72 73 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 73 69 6d |preters.| sim| |00000fb0| 75 6c 74 61 6e 65 6f 75 | 73 6c 79 2c 20 65 61 63 |ultaneou|sly, eac| |00000fc0| 68 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 | 61 74 65 64 20 77 69 74 |h associ|ated wit| |00000fd0| 68 20 61 20 64 69 66 66 | 65 72 65 6e 74 20 20 77 |h a diff|erent w| |00000fe0| 69 64 67 65 74 20 20 6f | 72 0d 20 20 20 20 20 70 |idget o|r. p| |00000ff0| 6f 72 74 69 6f 6e 20 20 | 6f 66 20 20 74 68 65 20 |ortion |of the | |00001000| 20 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 20 | applica|tion. | |00001010| 49 6e 74 65 72 70 72 65 | 74 65 72 73 20 61 72 65 |Interpre|ters are| |00001020| 20 72 65 6c 61 74 69 76 | 65 6c 79 0d 20 20 20 20 | relativ|ely. | |00001030| 20 6c 69 67 68 74 77 65 | 69 67 68 74 20 73 74 72 | lightwe|ight str| |00001040| 75 63 74 75 72 65 73 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 79 20 63 |uctures.| They c| |00001050| 61 6e 20 20 62 65 20 20 | 63 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 |an be |created | |00001060| 20 61 6e 64 20 20 64 65 | 6c 65 74 65 64 0d 20 20 | and de|leted. | |00001070| 20 20 20 71 75 69 63 6b | 6c 79 2c 20 20 73 6f 20 | quick|ly, so | |00001080| 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 6f 67 |applicat|ion prog| |00001090| 72 61 6d 6d 65 72 73 20 | 73 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 66 |rammers |should f| |000010a0| 65 65 6c 20 66 72 65 65 | 20 74 6f 20 75 73 65 0d |eel free| to use.| |000010b0| 20 20 20 20 20 6d 75 6c | 74 69 70 6c 65 20 69 6e | mul|tiple in| |000010c0| 74 65 72 70 72 65 74 65 | 72 73 20 69 66 20 74 68 |terprete|rs if th| |000010d0| 61 74 20 20 73 69 6d 70 | 6c 69 66 69 65 73 20 20 |at simp|lifies | |000010e0| 74 68 65 20 20 61 70 70 | 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e |the app|lication| |000010f0| 2e 0d 20 20 20 20 20 45 | 76 65 6e 74 75 61 6c 6c |.. 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20 20 | Release| 4.1 | |000022c0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c | 61 73 74 20 63 68 61 6e | L|ast chan| |000022d0| 67 65 3a 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ge: | | |000022e0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 33 0d 0d | | 3..| |000022f0| 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 54 63 6c | 28 33 29 20 20 20 20 20 |.....Tcl|(3) | |00002300| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 43 20 4c 49 | | C LI| |00002310| 42 52 41 52 59 20 46 55 | 4e 43 54 49 4f 4e 53 20 |BRARY FU|NCTIONS | |00002320| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00002330| 54 63 6c 28 33 29 0d 0d | 0d 0d 47 52 4f 55 50 49 |Tcl(3)..|..GROUPI| |00002340| 4e 47 20 41 52 47 55 4d | 45 4e 54 53 20 57 49 54 |NG ARGUM|ENTS WIT| |00002350| 48 20 44 4f 55 42 4c 45 | 2d 51 55 4f 54 45 53 0d |H DOUBLE|-QUOTES.| |00002360| 20 20 20 20 20 4e 6f 72 | 6d 61 6c 6c 79 20 65 61 | Nor|mally ea| |00002370| 63 68 20 61 72 67 75 6d | 65 6e 74 20 66 69 65 6c |ch argum|ent fiel| |00002380| 64 20 65 6e 64 73 20 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 6e 65 |d 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| 20 62 79 20 77 68 69 74 |rminated| by whit| |00002460| 65 20 73 70 61 63 65 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 28 69 6e |e space.| (in| |00002470| 63 6c 75 64 69 6e 67 20 | 6e 65 77 6c 69 6e 65 73 |cluding |newlines| |00002480| 29 20 6f 72 20 61 20 73 | 65 6d 69 2d 63 6f 6c 6f |) or a s|emi-colo| |00002490| 6e 20 28 73 65 65 20 62 | 65 6c 6f 77 20 66 6f 72 |n (see b|elow for| |000024a0| 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 | 2d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 74 | informa|-. t| |000024b0| 69 6f 6e 20 20 6f 6e 20 | 20 73 65 6d 69 2d 63 6f |ion on | semi-co| |000024c0| 6c 6f 6e 73 29 3b 20 20 | 69 6e 73 74 65 61 64 20 |lons); |instead | |000024d0| 69 74 20 65 6e 64 73 20 | 61 74 20 74 68 65 20 6e |it ends |at the n| |000024e0| 65 78 74 20 64 6f 75 62 | 6c 65 2d 0d 20 20 20 20 |ext doub|le-. | |000024f0| 20 71 75 6f 74 65 20 63 | 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 | quote c|haracter| |00002500| 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 64 | 6f 75 62 6c 65 2d 71 75 |. 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If |the firs| |00002680| 74 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 | 74 65 72 20 6f 66 20 61 |t charac|ter of a| |00002690| 20 63 6f 6d 2d 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 6d 61 6e 64 20 | com-. | mand | |000026a0| 66 69 65 6c 64 20 69 73 | 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 20 71 |field is| not a q| |000026b0| 75 6f 74 65 2c 20 74 68 | 65 6e 20 71 75 6f 74 65 |uote, th|en quote| |000026c0| 73 20 20 72 65 63 65 69 | 76 65 20 20 6e 6f 20 20 |s recei|ve no | |000026d0| 73 70 65 63 69 61 6c 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 69 6e 74 |special.| int| |000026e0| 65 72 70 72 65 74 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 74 |erpretat|ion in t| |000026f0| 68 65 20 70 61 72 73 69 | 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |he parsi|ng of th| |00002700| 61 74 20 66 69 65 6c 64 | 2e 0d 0d 0d 47 52 4f 55 |at field|....GROU| |00002710| 50 49 4e 47 20 41 52 47 | 55 4d 45 4e 54 53 20 57 |PING ARG|UMENTS W| |00002720| 49 54 48 20 42 52 41 43 | 45 53 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |ITH BRAC|ES. | |00002730| 43 75 72 6c 79 20 62 72 | 61 63 65 73 20 6d 61 79 |Curly br|aces may| |00002740| 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 62 65 | 20 75 73 65 64 20 66 6f | also be| used fo| |00002750| 72 20 67 72 6f 75 70 69 | 6e 67 20 61 72 67 75 6d |r groupi|ng argum| |00002760| 65 6e 74 73 2e 20 20 20 | 54 68 65 79 0d 20 20 20 |ents. |They. | |00002770| 20 20 61 72 65 20 20 73 | 69 6d 69 6c 61 72 20 20 | are s|imilar | |00002780| 74 6f 20 20 71 75 6f 74 | 65 73 20 65 78 63 65 70 |to quot|es excep| |00002790| 74 20 66 6f 72 20 74 77 | 6f 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 |t for tw|o differ| |000027a0| 65 6e 63 65 73 2e 20 20 | 46 69 72 73 74 2c 0d 20 |ences. |First,. | |000027b0| 20 20 20 20 74 68 65 79 | 20 6e 65 73 74 3b 20 74 | they| nest; t| |000027c0| 68 69 73 20 6d 61 6b 65 | 73 20 74 68 65 6d 20 65 |his make|s them e| |000027d0| 61 73 69 65 72 20 20 74 | 6f 20 20 75 73 65 20 20 |asier t|o use | |000027e0| 66 6f 72 20 20 63 6f 6d | 70 6c 69 63 61 74 65 64 |for com|plicated| |000027f0| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 61 72 | 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 |. ar|guments | |00002800| 6c 69 6b 65 20 6e 65 73 | 74 65 64 20 54 63 6c 20 |like nes|ted Tcl | |00002810| 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 | 73 74 72 69 6e 67 73 2e |command |strings.| |00002820| 20 20 53 65 63 6f 6e 64 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 | Second|, the su| |00002830| 62 2d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 73 74 69 74 75 74 69 6f |b-. |stitutio| |00002840| 6e 73 20 64 65 73 63 72 | 69 62 65 64 20 20 62 65 |ns descr|ibed be| |00002850| 6c 6f 77 20 20 66 6f 72 | 20 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e |low for| comman| |00002860| 64 73 2c 20 20 76 61 72 | 69 61 62 6c 65 73 2c 20 |ds, var|iables, | |00002870| 20 61 6e 64 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 62 61 63 6b 73 6c | and. | backsl| |00002880| 61 73 68 65 73 20 64 6f | 20 6e 6f 74 20 6f 63 63 |ashes do| not occ| |00002890| 75 72 20 69 6e 20 61 72 | 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 |ur in ar|guments | |000028a0| 65 6e 63 6c 6f 73 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 62 72 61 63 |enclosed| in brac| |000028b0| 65 73 2c 20 73 6f 0d 20 | 20 20 20 20 62 72 61 63 |es, so. | brac| |000028c0| 65 73 20 63 61 6e 20 62 | 65 20 75 73 65 64 20 74 |es can b|e used t| |000028d0| 6f 20 70 72 65 76 65 6e | 74 20 73 75 62 73 74 69 |o preven|t substi| |000028e0| 74 75 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 77 68 65 72 65 20 20 74 |tutions |where t| |000028f0| 68 65 79 20 20 61 72 65 | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 75 6e |hey are|. un| |00002900| 64 65 73 69 72 61 62 6c | 65 2e 20 20 49 66 20 61 |desirabl|e. If a| |00002910| 6e 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 66 69 65 6c 64 |n argume|nt field| |00002920| 20 62 65 67 69 6e 73 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 6c | begins |with a l| |00002930| 65 66 74 20 62 72 61 63 | 65 2c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |eft brac|e,. | |00002940| 74 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e |then the| argumen| |00002950| 74 20 65 6e 64 73 20 61 | 74 20 74 68 65 20 20 6d |t ends a|t the m| |00002960| 61 74 63 68 69 6e 67 20 | 20 72 69 67 68 74 20 20 |atching | right | |00002970| 62 72 61 63 65 2e 20 20 | 20 54 63 6c 0d 20 20 20 |brace. | Tcl. | |00002980| 20 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 20 | 73 74 72 69 70 20 20 6f | will |strip o| |00002990| 66 66 20 20 74 68 65 20 | 6f 75 74 65 72 6d 6f 73 |ff the |outermos| |000029a0| 74 20 6c 61 79 65 72 20 | 6f 66 20 62 72 61 63 65 |t layer |of brace| |000029b0| 73 20 61 6e 64 20 70 61 | 73 73 20 74 68 65 0d 20 |s and pa|ss the. | |000029c0| 20 20 20 20 69 6e 66 6f | 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | info|rmation | |000029d0| 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 72 61 63 |between |the brac| |000029e0| 65 73 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 |es to th|e comma| |000029f0| 6e 64 20 20 77 69 74 68 | 6f 75 74 20 20 61 6e 79 |nd with|out any| |00002a00| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 66 75 | 72 74 68 65 72 20 6d 6f |. fu|rther mo| |00002a10| 64 69 66 69 63 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 |dificati|on. For| |00002a20| 20 65 78 61 6d 70 6c 65 | 2c 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | example|, in the| |00002a30| 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 | 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | command|.. | |00002a40| 20 20 20 20 73 65 74 20 | 61 20 7b 78 79 7a 20 61 | set |a {xyz a| |00002a50| 20 7b 62 20 63 20 64 7d | 7d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 74 | {b c d}|}. t| |00002a60| 68 65 20 73 65 74 20 63 | 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 20 77 |he set c|ommand w| |00002a70| 69 6c 6c 20 72 65 63 65 | 69 76 65 20 74 77 6f 20 |ill rece|ive two | |00002a80| 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 | 73 3a 20 61 20 61 6e 64 |argument|s: a and| |00002a90| 20 78 79 7a 20 61 20 7b | 62 20 63 0d 20 20 20 20 | xyz a {|b c. | |00002aa0| 20 64 7d 2e 0d 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 57 68 65 6e 20 | d}... | When | |00002ab0| 62 72 61 63 65 73 20 6f | 72 20 71 75 6f 74 65 73 |braces o|r quotes| |00002ac0| 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e 20 | 65 66 66 65 63 74 2c 20 | are in |effect, | |00002ad0| 74 68 65 20 6d 61 74 63 | 68 69 6e 67 20 20 62 72 |the matc|hing br| |00002ae0| 61 63 65 20 20 6f 72 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 71 75 6f |ace or.| quo| |00002af0| 74 65 20 20 6e 65 65 64 | 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 |te need| not be | |00002b00| 6f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 73 | 61 6d 65 20 6c 69 6e 65 |on the s|ame line| |00002b10| 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 73 74 61 72 74 69 6e 67 | as the |starting| |00002b20| 20 71 75 6f 74 65 20 6f | 72 0d 20 20 20 20 20 62 | quote o|r. b| |00002b30| 72 61 63 65 3b 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 69 73 20 63 61 |race; in| this ca| |00002b40| 73 65 20 74 68 65 20 6e | 65 77 6c 69 6e 65 20 20 |se the n|ewline | |00002b50| 77 69 6c 6c 20 20 62 65 | 20 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 |will be| includ| |00002b60| 65 64 20 20 69 6e 20 20 | 74 68 65 0d 20 20 20 20 |ed in |the. | |00002b70| 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e | 74 20 20 66 69 65 6c 64 | argumen|t field| |00002b80| 20 20 61 6c 6f 6e 67 20 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 20 61 | along | with a| |00002b90| 6e 79 20 6f 74 68 65 72 | 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 |ny other| charact| |00002ba0| 65 72 73 20 75 70 20 74 | 6f 20 74 68 65 0d 20 20 |ers up t|o the. | |00002bb0| 20 20 20 6d 61 74 63 68 | 69 6e 67 20 62 72 61 63 | match|ing brac| |00002bc0| 65 20 6f 72 20 71 75 6f | 74 65 2e 20 20 20 46 6f |e or quo|te. Fo| |00002bd0| 72 20 20 65 78 61 6d 70 | 6c 65 2c 20 20 74 68 65 |r examp|le, the| |00002be0| 20 20 65 76 61 6c 20 20 | 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 0d | eval |command.| |00002bf0| 20 20 20 20 20 74 61 6b | 65 73 20 20 6f 6e 65 20 | tak|es one | |00002c00| 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 | 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |argument|, which | |00002c10| 69 73 20 61 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 20 73 74 72 |is a com|mand str| |00002c20| 69 6e 67 3b 20 65 76 61 | 6c 20 69 6e 76 6f 6b 65 |ing; eva|l invoke| |00002c30| 73 0d 20 20 20 20 20 74 | 68 65 20 54 63 6c 20 69 |s. t|he Tcl i| |00002c40| 6e 74 65 72 70 72 65 74 | 65 72 20 74 6f 20 65 78 |nterpret|er to ex| |00002c50| 65 63 75 74 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e |ecute th|e comman| |00002c60| 64 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 | 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 63 |d string|. 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[3|] A com| |00005370| 6d 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 6e | 73 69 73 74 73 20 6f 66 |mand con|sists of| |00005380| 20 66 69 65 6c 64 73 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 66 69 | fields.| The fi| |00005390| 72 73 74 20 66 69 65 6c | 64 20 20 69 73 20 20 74 |rst fiel|d is t| |000053a0| 68 65 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 6e 61 6d |he. | nam| |000053b0| 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 |e of the| command| |000053c0| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 | 79 20 62 65 20 61 62 62 |, and ma|y be abb| |000053d0| 72 65 76 69 61 74 65 64 | 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 6f |reviated|. The o| |000053e0| 74 68 65 72 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 66 |ther. | f| |000053f0| 69 65 6c 64 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 |ields ar|e string| |00005400| 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 | 72 65 20 70 61 73 73 65 |s that a|re passe| |00005410| 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 |d to tha|t comma| |00005420| 6e 64 20 20 61 73 0d 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |nd as. | | |00005430| 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e | 74 73 2e 0d 0d 20 20 20 | argumen|ts... | |00005440| 20 20 5b 34 5d 20 20 46 | 69 65 6c 64 73 20 61 72 | [4] F|ields ar| |00005450| 65 20 6e 6f 72 6d 61 6c | 6c 79 20 73 65 70 61 72 |e normal|ly separ| |00005460| 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 77 68 69 74 65 20 73 70 |ated by |white sp| |00005470| 61 63 65 2e 0d 0d 20 20 | 20 20 20 5b 35 5d 20 20 |ace... | [5] | |00005480| 44 6f 75 62 6c 65 2d 71 | 75 6f 74 65 73 20 61 6c |Double-q|uotes al| |00005490| 6c 6f 77 20 20 77 68 69 | 74 65 20 20 73 70 61 63 |low whi|te spac| |000054a0| 65 20 20 61 6e 64 20 20 | 73 65 6d 69 2d 63 6f 6c |e and |semi-col| |000054b0| 6f 6e 73 20 20 74 6f 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ons to.| | |000054c0| 20 20 61 70 70 65 61 72 | 20 77 69 74 68 69 6e 20 | appear| within | |000054d0| 61 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 | 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e |a single| argumen| |000054e0| 74 2e 20 20 43 6f 6d 6d | 61 6e 64 20 73 75 62 73 |t. 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Only | |000057b0| 61 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 | 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 6f |a single| level o| |000057c0| 66 20 70 72 6f 63 65 73 | 73 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 |f proces|sing is | |000057d0| 64 6f 6e 65 3a 20 20 74 | 68 65 0d 20 20 20 20 20 |done: t|he. | |000057e0| 20 20 20 20 20 72 65 73 | 75 6c 74 73 20 20 6f 66 | res|ults of| |000057f0| 20 20 6f 6e 65 20 73 75 | 62 73 74 69 74 75 74 69 | one su|bstituti| |00005800| 6f 6e 20 61 72 65 20 6e | 6f 74 20 73 63 61 6e 6e |on are n|ot scann| |00005810| 65 64 20 61 67 61 69 6e | 20 66 6f 72 0d 20 20 20 |ed again| for. | |00005820| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 66 | 75 72 74 68 65 72 20 73 | f|urther s| |00005830| 75 62 73 74 69 74 75 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 72 20 |ubstitut|ions or | |00005840| 61 6e 79 20 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 20 73 70 65 63 69 |any othe|r speci| |00005850| 61 6c 20 20 74 72 65 61 | 74 6d 65 6e 74 2e 0d 20 |al trea|tment.. | |00005860| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 53 75 62 73 74 69 74 | | Substit| |00005870| 75 74 69 6f 6e 20 20 63 | 61 6e 20 20 6f 63 63 75 |ution c|an occu| |00005880| 72 20 20 6f 6e 20 20 61 | 6e 79 20 20 66 69 65 6c |r on a|ny fiel| |00005890| 64 20 20 6f 66 20 61 20 | 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 2c |d of a |command,| |000058a0| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 |. | inclu| |000058b0| 64 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 |ding the| command| |000058c0| 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 61 73 | 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 61 73 | name as| well as| |000058d0| 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 67 | 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 2e 0d | the arg|uments..| |000058e0| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 5b 38 | 5d 20 20 49 66 20 74 68 |. [8|] If th| |000058f0| 65 20 66 69 72 73 74 20 | 6e 6f 6e 2d 62 6c 61 6e |e first |non-blan| |00005900| 6b 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 | 74 65 72 20 6f 66 20 61 |k charac|ter of a| |00005910| 20 63 6f 6d 6d 61 6e 64 | 20 69 73 20 20 61 20 20 | command| is a | |00005920| 23 2c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 65 76 65 |#,. | eve| |00005930| 72 79 74 68 69 6e 67 20 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 20 74 |rything | from t| |00005940| 68 65 20 20 23 20 75 70 | 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 68 |he # up| through| |00005950| 20 74 68 65 20 6e 65 78 | 74 20 6e 65 77 6c 69 6e | the nex|t newlin| |00005960| 65 20 69 73 0d 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 74 |e is. | t| |00005970| 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 61 | 73 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 6d |reated a|s a comm| |00005980| 65 6e 74 20 61 6e 64 20 | 69 67 6e 6f 72 65 64 2e |ent and |ignored.| |00005990| 0d 0d 0d 45 58 50 52 45 | 53 53 49 4f 4e 53 0d 20 |...EXPRE|SSIONS. | |000059a0| 20 20 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 73 65 63 6f 6e 64 20 6d | The |second m| |000059b0| 61 6a 6f 72 20 69 6e 74 | 65 72 70 72 65 74 61 74 |ajor int|erpretat| |000059c0| 69 6f 6e 20 61 70 70 6c | 69 65 64 20 74 6f 20 73 |ion appl|ied to s| |000059d0| 74 72 69 6e 67 73 20 69 | 6e 20 54 63 6c 20 69 73 |trings i|n Tcl is| |000059e0| 20 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 20 | 20 61 73 20 20 65 78 70 | |. | as exp| |000059f0| 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 73 | 2e 20 20 20 53 65 76 65 |ressions|. Seve| |00005a00| 72 61 6c 20 20 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 73 2c 20 73 |ral com|mands, s| |00005a10| 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 65 | 78 70 72 2c 20 66 6f 72 |uch as e|xpr, for| |00005a20| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 20 7c | 0d 20 20 20 20 20 69 66 |, and ||. if| |00005a30| 2c 20 74 72 65 61 74 20 | 6f 6e 65 20 6f 72 20 6d |, treat |one or m| |00005a40| 6f 72 65 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 69 72 20 61 72 67 |ore of t|heir arg| |00005a50| 75 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 61 | 73 20 65 78 70 72 65 73 |uments a|s expres| |00005a60| 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 20 61 | 6e 64 20 20 7c 0d 20 20 |sions a|nd |. | |00005a70| 20 20 20 63 61 6c 6c 20 | 20 20 20 74 68 65 20 20 | call | the | |00005a80| 20 54 63 6c 20 20 20 65 | 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f | Tcl e|xpressio| |00005a90| 6e 20 20 20 70 72 6f 63 | 65 73 73 6f 72 73 20 20 |n proc|essors | |00005aa0| 20 28 54 63 6c 5f 45 78 | 70 72 4c 6f 6e 67 2c 20 | (Tcl_Ex|prLong, | |00005ab0| 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 | 54 63 6c 5f 45 78 70 72 | |. |Tcl_Expr| |00005ac0| 42 6f 6f 6c 65 61 6e 2c | 20 65 74 63 2e 29 20 74 |Boolean,| etc.) t| |00005ad0| 6f 20 65 76 61 6c 75 61 | 74 65 20 74 68 65 6d 2e |o evalua|te them.| |00005ae0| 20 20 54 68 65 20 6f 70 | 65 72 61 74 6f 72 73 20 | The op|erators | |00005af0| 70 65 72 2d 20 20 7c 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 6d 69 74 |per- |.| mit| |00005b00| 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 54 | 63 6c 20 65 78 70 72 65 |ted in T|cl expre| |00005b10| 73 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 | 72 65 20 61 20 73 75 62 |ssions a|re a sub| |00005b20| 73 65 74 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 6f 70 65 72 61 |set of t|he opera| |00005b30| 74 6f 72 73 20 70 65 72 | 2d 20 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 |tors per|- |. | |00005b40| 20 20 6d 69 74 74 65 64 | 20 69 6e 20 43 20 65 78 | mitted| in C ex| |00005b50| 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e | 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 74 |pression|s, and t| |00005b60| 68 65 79 20 68 61 76 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 61 6d |hey have| the sam| |00005b70| 65 20 6d 65 61 6e 69 6e | 67 20 20 61 6e 64 20 20 |e meanin|g and | |00005b80| 7c 0d 20 20 20 20 20 70 | 72 65 63 65 64 65 6e 63 ||. p|recedenc| |00005b90| 65 20 20 61 73 20 20 74 | 68 65 20 20 63 6f 72 72 |e as t|he corr| |00005ba0| 65 73 70 6f 6e 64 69 6e | 67 20 43 20 6f 70 65 72 |espondin|g C oper| |00005bb0| 61 74 6f 72 73 2e 20 20 | 45 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 |ators. |Expressi| |00005bc0| 6f 6e 73 20 20 7c 0d 20 | 20 20 20 20 61 6c 6d 6f |ons |. | almo| |00005bd0| 73 74 20 61 6c 77 61 79 | 73 20 79 69 65 6c 64 20 |st alway|s yield | |00005be0| 6e 75 6d 65 72 69 63 20 | 72 65 73 75 6c 74 73 20 |numeric |results | |00005bf0| 20 28 69 6e 74 65 67 65 | 72 20 20 6f 72 20 20 66 | (intege|r or f| |00005c00| 6c 6f 61 74 69 6e 67 2d | 20 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 20 |loating-| |. | |00005c10| 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 20 76 | 61 6c 75 65 73 29 2e 20 | point v|alues). | |00005c20| 20 46 6f 72 20 65 78 61 | 6d 70 6c 65 2c 20 74 68 | For exa|mple, th| |00005c30| 65 20 65 78 70 72 65 73 | 73 69 6f 6e 20 20 20 20 |e expres|sion | |00005c40| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 7c | | || |00005c50| 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 53 75 6e | 20 52 65 6c 65 61 73 65 |.....Sun| Release| |00005c60| 20 34 2e 31 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 4c | 4.1 | L| |00005c70| 61 73 74 20 63 68 61 6e | 67 65 3a 20 20 20 20 20 |ast chan|ge: | |00005c80| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00005c90| 20 20 20 20 20 39 0d 0d | 0d 0d 0d 0d 0d 54 63 6c | 9..|.....Tcl| |00005ca0| 28 33 29 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |(3) | | |00005cb0| 20 20 20 20 43 20 4c 49 | 42 52 41 52 59 20 46 55 | C LI|BRARY FU| |00005cc0| 4e 43 54 49 4f 4e 53 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |NCTIONS | | |00005cd0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 54 63 6c 28 33 29 0d 0d | |Tcl(3)..| |00005ce0| 0d 0d 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 38 2e 32 20 |.. | 8.2 | |00005cf0| 2b 20 36 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |+ 6 | | |00005d00| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00005d10| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | | | |00005d20| 20 20 20 20 20 7c 0d 20 | 20 20 20 20 65 76 61 6c | |. | eval| |00005d30| 75 61 74 65 73 20 74 6f | 20 31 34 2e 32 2e 20 20 |uates to| 14.2. | |00005d40| 54 63 6c 20 65 78 70 72 | 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 |Tcl expr|essions | |00005d50| 64 69 66 66 65 72 20 20 | 66 72 6f 6d 20 20 43 20 |differ |from C | |00005d60| 20 65 78 70 72 65 73 2d | 20 20 7c 0d 20 20 20 20 | expres-| |. | |00005d70| 20 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 20 | 69 6e 20 20 74 68 65 20 | sions |in the | |00005d80| 20 77 61 79 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 6f 70 65 72 61 6e | way tha|t operan| |00005d90| 64 73 20 61 72 65 20 73 | 70 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 |ds are s|pecified| |00005da0| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 61 74 20 20 7c |, and in| that || |00005db0| 0d 20 20 20 20 20 54 63 | 6c 20 65 78 70 72 65 73 |. 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